Saturday 26 July 2014

RAISINS Health benefits

Constipation: When ingested, raisins swell because the fiber present in has shrunk in a raisin’s dried form, but it will begin to swell due to the body’s natural fluids. This adds bulk to the food moving through the intestinal tract and ultimately helps provide relief from constipation. The type of fiber in raisins is considered insoluble fiber, because it takes in water and gains volume in that way. Besides reducing constipation, raisins can also help to stop loose stools, again by absorbing the liquid of loose stools and reducing the frequency and unpredictability of diarrhea.
Cancer Prevention: Raisins have high levels of catechins, which are polyphenolic antioxidants in the blood. Antioxidants scavenge the free radicals that float around the body and wreak havoc on the organ systems and cells.  Free radicals are one of the primary, underlying factors that lead to the spontaneous growth of cancer cells, as well as the substance that can spur on metastasis. Therefore, by including raisins in your diet and increasing the level of these powerful antioxidants in your system, you can prevent cancer from forming, or slow down its progress if you have already developed a number of forms of that deadly disease.
Weight Gain: Raisins, like all dried fruits, are very good tools for gaining weight in a healthy way, since they are full of fructose and glucose and contain a lot of potential energy. Raisins form an ideal part of a diet for athletes or body builders who need powerful boosts of energy or for those who want to put on weight without accumulating unhealthy amounts of cholesterol. Their role as a healthy addition to the diet is further boosted because of the many vitamins, amino acids and minerals in raisins, such as selenium and phosphorus, which facilitate absorption of other nutrients and proteins in the body. Raisins also stimulate the efficient absorption of other proteins, vitamins, and nutrients gained from food, which improves your overall energy and immune system strength.
Hypertension: For many years, some people have believed that raisins have the power to reduce blood pressure and protect the integrity of heart health, but it was only recently that experts began intensive studies on these claims. The findings, although still not absolutely definitive on how raisins reduced blood pressure, did show a positive correlation between reduced hypertension and consumption of raisins. Many of the nutrients packed into raisins are beneficial, but experts believe that it is the high level of potassium in raisins that helps with this condition. Potassium is a well-researched way to reduce the tension of blood vessels and decrease blood pressure, and the dietary fiber in raisins is also thought to affect the biochemistry of blood vessels and reduce their stiffness, which also reduces hypertension.
Diabetes: In a number of studies, raisins have been shown to lower the postprandial insulin response, which means that after eating a meal, raisins can help the spikes or plunges in insulin levels that can be so dangerous to patients with diabetes. It modulates the sugar absorption by the body, making it more even and stable, reducing the chance of health complications or emergencies for those suffering from both major types of diabetes. Raisins also help to regulate the release of leptin and ghrelin, which are the hormones responsible for telling the body when it is hungry or full. By keeping these hormones in check, people who eat raisins can improve their chances of maintaining a healthy diet and prevent overeating, which further improves chances of living comfortably with diabetes!
Anemia: Raisins contain a considerable amount of iron which directly helps in the treatment of anemia. It also contains many members of the vitamin-B complex that are essential for the formation of new blood. The high copper content in raisins also helps the formation of red blood cells.
Fever: Phenolic Phytonutrients, well known for their germicidal, antibiotic and antioxidant properties, are abundantly present in raisins and can help cure fevers by fighting viral and bacterial infections.
Eye Care: Raisins contain polyphenolic phytonutrients which have antioxidant properties.  These phytonutrients are very good for ocular health, as they protect eyes from the damage caused by free radicals (oxidants), in the form of macular degeneration, age-related weakening of vision, and cataracts. In addition to their antioxidant qualities, raisins contain significant amounts of vitamin-A, A-Beta Carotene and A-Carotenoid, all of which are essential for good ocular health.
Acidosis: Acidosis is a state of increased acidity of the blood (also known as toxicity of the blood) or of the gases in our respiratory system. The source of acids for both conditions is the stomach. This increased acidity can be very harmful for the body as it may lead to a number of health problems such as boils, skin disease, damage to the internal organs, arthritis, gout, renal calculi, hair loss, heart diseases, tumors and even cancer. Raisins are good source of potassium and magnesium, which are two of the most common components of antacids, because they are considered bases on the pH scale. These two minerals are both very effective in neutralizing the acids and thus helping to check acidosis and other related conditions.
Sexual Dysfunction: Raisins have long been  known to stimulate the libido and induce arousal, primarily due to the presence of an amino acid called Arginine, which is beneficial in treating erectile dysfunctions. Arginine also increases the levels of sperm motility, which can increase the chances of conception when engaging in sexual intercourse.  It is a common practice in India to make the bride and the groom drink a glass of milk each, boiled with raisins and added with a pinch of saffron on their wedding night. It is also recommended for those suffering from issues of sexual endurance to consume raisins regularly, and whatever beneficial sexual effects you experience will be further aided by the immediate energy boost that raisins often provide.
Bone Health: Calcium, which is the main element of our bones, is present in raisins, and these dried fruits are also one of the best sources of Boron, a micronutrient. For those of you who don’t know, a micronutrient is a nutrient required by the body in very small amount as compared to other nutrients that must be consumed daily in significant amounts. Boron is vital for proper bone formation and efficient absorption of calcium. Boron is particularly helpful in preventing osteoporosis induced by menopause in women and has been shown to be very beneficial for bones and joints. Potassium is another essential nutrient found in high levels in raisins which can help strengthen bones and promote bone growth, thereby reducing the chances of osteoporosis in all types of people.
raisinsDental Care: Oleanolic Acid, one of the phytochemicals present in raisins, plays a crucial role in protecting your teeth against tooth decay, cavities, and teeth brittleness. It effectively prevents the growth of Streptococcus Mutans andPorphyromonas Gingivalis, two of the bacterial species that are most responsible for cavities and other dental problems. In addition, it is rich in calcium which is good for promoting dental health, as it prevents breaking or peeling away of teeth and enamel while making them stronger.
As strange as it may sound, when eating raisins, the longer they stick to your teeth, the better, because that ensures extended contact of Oleanolic Acid with the teeth, increasing the preventative powers against bacterial growth. In addition its role in bone health and osteoporosis treatment, the boron present in raisins plays a very important role in curbing the growth of oral germs as well as in promoting strong teeth.
Other Benefits: The fibers in raisins also help promote excretion of bile from the body, and it stimulates the burning of cholesterol, thereby promoting good cardiac health. Furthermore, the amount of fiber in raisins helps to literally sweep out the toxins and harmful materials in the digestive tract, which can protect people from additional intestinal diseases, and bacterial growth that is eliminated when the toxins are swept out.


All of that being said, there are a few risk factors in excessive consumption of raisins. Raisins are quite high in calories, nearly 500 calories in a typical single-serving box, which can increase weight gain quickly if you are not careful. You need to factor in extra caloric intake in your diet, regardless of the other benefits that small amounts of raisins can give you. Raisins also have high levels of triglycerides due to their high content of fructose (triglycerides are byproducts of the body metabolizing fructose). High levels of triglycerides can increase your chances of developing diabetes, coronary heart disease, and fatty liver cancer. If you have other risk factors, than be careful adding too many raisins into your diet!

Saturday 12 July 2014

CURE - BALDNESS?

According to the American Hair Loss Association, two-thirds of men will experience hair loss by the age of 35. But women are also affected, making up 40% of all hair loss sufferers. Affecting self-image and emotional well-being, the condition has been a difficult one to treat. But a new study brings hope - in the form of human hair-follicle-generating stem cells.
Researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have published results of their study in Nature, where they describe the method by which they were able to convert adult cells into epithelial stem cells (EpSCs).
Although using stem cells to regrow hair follicles has been a potential technique for combatting baldness, until now, nobody has been able to produce enough of these cells.
The team says they are the first to achieve this result in either humans or mice.
Led by Dr. Xiaowei "George" Xu, associate professor of pathology and laboratory medicine and dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania, the scientists started their research by using human skin cells called dermal fibroblasts.

How did the team produce the cells?

The researchers converted the human skin cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by adding three genes. These iPSCs are able to change into any cell types in the body, so the researchers converted them into epithelial stem cells, which are normally found in a part of hair follicles.
Hair shafts
The arrows show hair shafts, which were formed by iPSC-derived epithelial stem cells.
Image credit: Ruifeng Yang, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Using techniques from other research teams to convert iPSCs into keratinocytes - a main cell type in the top layer of the skin - Dr. Xu and colleagues showed they could "force" the iPSCs to make large quantities of EpSCs by controlling the timing of growth factors the cells received.
When they implanted these EpSCs into mice, the cells regenerated cell types of human skin and hair follicles, and also created recognizable hair shafts, which the team says shows promise for eventually regrowing hair in humans.
In 18 days, 25% of the iPSCs converted into EpSCs, which were then purified using the proteins expressed on their surfaces, the team notes.

Technique 'not yet ready for humans'

After mixing the human-derived EpSCs with dermal cells from mice, the team grafted them onto the skin of the mice and produced a functional human epidermis - the outermost layers of the skin.
The hair follicles that were produced from this, notes the team, were structurally similar to human hair follicles.
Dr. Xu says that this "is the first time anyone has made scalable amounts of epithelial stem cells that are capable of generating the epithelial component of hair follicles," adding that the cells could aid in wound healing, cosmetics and hair regeneration.
However, these cells are not yet ready for use in humans because the team has only solved one part of the equation. A hair follicle contains both epithelial cells and a certain kind of adult stem cell called dermal papillae.

Friday 4 July 2014

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck below your Adam’s apple. It produces tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), two hormones which control how your cells use energy. The process by which cells use energy is called metabolism.
Hyperthyroidism occurs when too much T4 and/or T3 is produced. Proper diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause relieves symptoms and prevents complications. Hyperthyroidism can run in families. Make sure to tell your doctor if there is a family history of the condition.

What Causes Hyperthyroidism?

A variety of conditions can cause hyperthyroidism. Graves' disease (an autoimmune disorder) is the most common. It occurs more often in women and tends to run in families. In Graves' disease, antibodies stimulate the thyroid to secrete too much hormone. Other causes of hyperthyroidism include:
  • excess iodine (iodine is needed to make T4 and T3)
  • inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis causes T4 and T3 to leak out of the gland)
  • tumors of the ovaries or testes
  • benign tumors of the thyroid or pituitary gland
  • taking large amounts of tetraiodothyronine (through dietary supplements or medication)

What are the Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?

Symptoms are related to the effects of excess thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormones control metabolism, so excessive amounts of T4 or T3 cause a metabolic rate that is too high. This is called a hyper-metabolic state.
People with hyperthyroidism typically have rapid heart rates, weight loss, and heat intolerance. The thyroid gland can be visibly enlarged (goiter). You can also have elevated blood pressure, nervousness, and hand tremors. You may also sweat a lot, feel hungry and restless, and have difficulty concentrating. Your bowel movements may be more frequent and women may have irregular menstrual cycles. In Graves' disease, the eyes may appear quite prominent. This symptom is called exophthalmos. Other symptoms include:
  • weakness
  • irregular heartbeat
  • difficulty sleeping
  • itching
  • hair loss
  • nausea and vomiting
  • breast development in men
Hyperthyroidism can also cause atrial fibrillation, a dangerous arrhythmia that can cause strokes. Congestive heart failure may also occur. Seek medical care immediately if you notice dizziness, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, or fast irregular heart rate

How is Hyperthyroidism Diagnosed?

The first step is a complete history and physical exam. This can reveal common symptoms, such as weight loss, rapid pulse, elevated blood pressure, protruding eyes, and/or an enlarged thyroid gland (which can either appear either symmetrical or one-sided).
Other tests may be performed to further evaluate your diagnosis. These include:

Cholesterol Level Test

Cholesterol levels vary with the metabolic rate. The metabolic rate is the rate at which cells use energy. In hyperthyroidism, cholesterol can be low due to the elevated metabolic rate.

T4 and T3RU (T3 Resin Uptake)Tests

These tests measure how much thyroid hormone is present in your blood.

TSH Level Test

TSH is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone. When your thyroid hormone levels are normal or high, TSH should not be elevated.

Triglyceride Level Test

Reasons for low triglyceride levels are the same as for low cholesterol levels.

Thyroid Scan and Uptake

This allows your doctor to see if your thyroid is overactive. It can also tell if the entire thyroid gland or just a single area of the gland is causing the over activity.

Ultrasound

A doctor can use ultrasound to measure the size of the entire thyroid gland, and any masses within it. An ultrasound allows doctors to know if the mass is solid or cystic.

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

A CT or MRI of the head is done if a pituitary tumor is suspected.

Treatment of Hyperthyroidism

Medication

Anti thyroid medications and radioactive iodine are treatment mainstays. Anti thyroid medications inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormone and radioactive iodine effectively destroys the thyroid producing cells. Methimazole (Tapazole) is an example of an anti thyroid medication. However, these medications can have severe side effects, such as low white blood cell count.

Surgery

Sometimes, a portion or all of your thyroid gland may have to be surgically removed. When this happens, thyroid hormone supplements must be taken to prevent hypothyroidism. Beta-blockers (propranolol) can help to control rapid pulse, sweating, anxiety, and blood pressure. Most people respond well to this treatment. Your doctor may refer you to an endocrinologist, a specialist in hyperthyroidism and other endocrine problems.
Treatment also is important to prevent thyroid storm or thyrotoxicosis and other complications. Thyroid storm is a sudden worsening of symptoms as a result of the release of large amounts of thyroid hormone. It can occur due to stress or infections.

What you can do at Home to Improve Symptoms

Getting the proper amount of calories, calcium, and sodium during and after treatment is important. A diet with too many calories can result in weight gain or obesity. Talk with your doctor and obtain healthy guidelines for your daily diet, nutritional supplements, and exercise.
Hyperthyroidism also can cause your bones to become thin (osteoporosis). Taking vitamin D and calcium supplements during and after treatment can help strengthen your bones.. Make sure to ask your doctor about how much daily vitamin D and calcium is appropriate for you.

Long-Term Outlook for Hyperthyroidism

The long-term outlook depends upon the cause. Some causes go away without treatment. Others, like Graves' disease, get worse over time. Complications of Graves' disease can be life threatening and affect quality of life for a long time.